Types of Allergy and Immunology That Are Important to Know
When we hear the word allergy, we must immediately imagine with conditions such as itching accompanied by red spots or bumps, sneezing in the morning, watery nose sometimes coughing from mild to shortness of breath. Allergies can be caused by various kinds such as dust, cold air, drugs, food and ingredients that we often use daily.
Types of allergic and immunological diseases are very diverse. Asthma is one of the most common types of allergic disease, followed by allergic rhinitis, as well as chronic urticaria. Other types of allergies that are no less important are drug allergic reactions. Meanwhile, in the field of immunology, there are autoimmune diseases, especially Systemic Erythematous Lupus (LES). While from immunodeficiency disease, the most famous one is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Below are some diseases that are included in the type of allergic disease and immunology, including:
Bronchial Asthma
It is not uncommon to feel tightness suspected to be a disease of the heart or chronic cough caused by bronchitis or insomnia due to insomnia. Complaints of wheezing or tightness are not a monopoly of asthma. Some diseases or conditions can resemble asthma, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, pulmonary infections, paranasal sinusitis, tuberculosis, gastroesophageal reflux and heart diseases such as heart failure.
In practice, it is often found that patients treat their own disease by using spray medicine to treat asthma symptoms. But in the long run this condition will actually worsen the symptoms of asthma and asthma attacks will be more frequent.
Things that can be done are by giving patients with anti-inflammatory drugs, avoiding trigger factors, and getting knowledge about asthma and its causes.
Allergic Rhinitis
Drugs Allergic rhinitis is a form of rhinitis that generally through the immune system, or IgE specifically. Allergic rhinitis can be suffered by children to adulthood. Symptoms that arise include rinoera, itchy nose, sneezing and nasal congestion, sometimes accompanied by itching in the eyes. Based on the duration and symptom symptoms, rhinitis can be divided into two parts: intermittent allergic rhinitis if the symptoms persist for four days/week and a duration of less than four weeks and persistent allergic rhinitis if symptoms persist for more than four days/week and longer than four weeks . Allergic rhinitis is one of the risk factors for an asthma attack. With good treatment, the symptoms of rhinitis can be well controlled.
Medicine Allergy
Drug medication is an unwanted response to certain drugs. Many situations where the symptoms are similar or similar to allergy symptoms, but the mechanism is not allergic such as shortness of breath or anglicerma due to aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, therefore introduced the drug hypersensitivity.
Symptoms of various drug allergies vary. But the most common are symptoms on the skin, ranging from erythema, urticaria, pruritus, angioderma, vesicles, bullae to blistering skin. In addition, there are several other symptoms but are less common, such as shortness of breath, dizziness and fainting as well as anaphylaxis, anemia can occur, and impaired liver or kidney function. The most dangerous drug allergy complications are anaphylaxis, Steven Juhson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrosis, and Drug Rash Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS).
Urticaria and angioderma
Urtikari and angioderma are skin disorders in the form of bumps, redness, and itching. Most chronic urticria are not known to cause and usually symptoms last for more than six weeks or even up to 20 years. While angioderma resembles urticaria, but more about deeper skin tissue. Symptoms that do not appear often do not feel itchy, but they hurt. Angioderma generally attacks the eye mucosa, lips or genitals. When it comes to the trachea or bronchi, as in anaphylactic reactions can endanger the lives of sufferers.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LES)
Because it attacks several organs, either jointly or sequentially, LES is included in one of the systemic autoimmune diseases. Arthritis and prolonged fever are one of the symptoms of lupus. Symptoms such as redness on the face, thrush, anemia, lekopeni or trambositopeni are indications towards LES. The earlier the treatment is done, it is expected that serious complications can be prevented and avoided.
Immunodeficiency disease
Immunodeficiency diseases that can be obtained at birth. One of them is the infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which is one of the causes of immunodeficiency known as AIDS. Other chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, and COPD can reduce endurance. Therefore, maintaining and increasing endurance is needed to avoid the danger of infectious diseases.
Allergic triggers can be known through a history of illness such as swelling after eating certain foods. If needed, an allergy test can be done by checking the skin or blood. Common skin tests are done, such as skin hill test (skin prick test) and patch test. The blood test with IgE examination is more specific to certain types of allergens.
This is the article about the type of Allergy and Immunology I made. Hopefully, it can be useful and can provide a little information about the types of allergic and immunological diseases. And can help us live a healthier life.
